Dressage Analysis with Artificial Intelligence

DressAI analyzes competition tests frame by frame, extracting quantitative biometric data and providing detailed technical evaluations, animated routes and recommendations to improve the performance of the horse-rider pair.

Martina Di Giura with Aramis
Martina Di Giura & Aramis
The horse-rider pair featured in DressAI analyses

How DressAI Works

The DressAI Engine analyzes the competition video through a four-phase process. The AI samples the most significant frames from the video (approximately 1–2 frames per second) and analyzes them with advanced computer vision models, identifying biomechanical patterns, geometries and movement dynamics.

1. Pose Estimation

The AI identifies key points (keypoints) on frames sampled from the video:

  • 24 keypoints on the horse: poll, withers, point of shoulder, fetlocks, hocks, croup, tail
  • 12 keypoints on the rider: ear, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, heel

By overlaying these points, a biomechanical model ("The Vitruvian Man of the Horse") is created that estimates joint angles and spatial relationships between rider and horse.

HM

2. Spatial Mapping

Using the arena letters (A, K, E, H...) as anchor points, the AI performs a homographic transformation:

  • Converts the camera perspective into a "top-down" map (aerial view)
  • Measures deviations from the center line in real centimeters
  • Calculates the actual diameter of circles (a perfect 20m circle vs an ellipse)
  • Traces the complete trajectory of the pair in the arena

Every deviation from the ideal geometry is quantified: a circle with an 8cm radius error is excellent, beyond 1m is penalizing.

3. Temporal Analysis

The AI measures cadence and movement dynamics over time:

  • Frequency of "pressure peaks" (when the hoof touches the ground)
  • Suspension phase in canter (duration of "flight")
  • Rhythm variation: if the interval between beats varies > 0.05%, it signals loss of rhythm
  • Speed and deceleration in transitions (m/s²)

Data is compared with the regulatory database of Test E100. The score is not subjective: it is based on deviation from the standard of perfection.

4. Myofascial Analysis

The AI performs a Visual Analysis of Muscular Patterns, recognizing the visible signs of tension and contracture:

  • Recognizes the visual patterns of contracture, stiffness and visible muscle tension
  • Analyzes the main muscle chains: Longissimus Dorsi (back), Brachiocephalicus (neck), Glutei and Biceps Femoris (hindquarters)
  • Estimates the extent of tensions based on its biomechanical knowledge database

This analysis allows identification of defensive contractures, areas of hypomobility and muscle tensions difficult to detect with the naked eye. The horse is not "disobedient": it is physically contracted.

Recommended Video Quality

The AI samples approximately 1–2 frames per second from the video. Good resolution improves the quality of the sampled frames and therefore the analysis. Extreme resolutions are not needed: good 1080p is more than sufficient.

720p (HD)

Accepted. Complete geometric and spatial analysis. Sufficient for macroscopic errors (drifts, wrong geometries). Muscle details are less visible.

1080p (Full HD) — Recommended

The best quality/size ratio. Good detail for visual analysis of muscle patterns, posture and geometry. Frame rate: 30fps sufficient.

4K (Ultra HD)

Optional. Slightly improves visual detail but produces very large files. The advantage over 1080p is marginal with current AI analysis.

How to Read AI Data

The numerical data presented in DressAI analyses (degrees, Newtons, percentages, centimeters) are estimates generated by artificial intelligence through visual inference. The AI recognizes the biomechanical patterns visible in the video — a contracted muscle, a shifted axis, a deformed geometry — and assigns plausible numerical values based on its vast database of biomechanical and equestrian knowledge.

These values are not instrumental measurements. To actually measure forces in Newtons, angles with sub-degree precision or contact pressures would require dedicated physical sensors (load cells, accelerometers, EMG). The value of DressAI analysis lies in the pattern identification and the overall consistency of observation, not in the precision of individual numbers.

In reports, AI estimates are indicated with the label "AI estimate" to distinguish them from direct judge observations.

Explore the Race Archive →

E100 Routes — Interactive Arena

Typical speeds of gaits in Dressage

WALK
Medium walk — 4 beats
110 m/min — 1.8 m/s — 6.6 km/h
TROT
Working trot — 2 beats
220 m/min — 3.7 m/s — 13.2 km/h
TROT
Lengthening trot — 2 beats
300 m/min — 5.0 m/s — 18.0 km/h
CANTER
Working canter — 3 beats
340 m/min — 5.7 m/s — 20.4 km/h
Competition Version
E100 Ed. 2006/Rev. 2022
Official SEF-ITALIA / FISE test. 11 movements, 4 min. Final halt at X. FISE Source
A C K F E B H M X HALT 1 2 3 4 5,8 7
Working trot
Lengthening trot
Canter + 20m Circles
Medium walk
00:00
/ 02:33 Hyper Time
Initial Proposal
E100 Edition 2026
Identical to 2022 but with Halt at X on entry. Not adopted. FISE Source
A C K F E B H M X (HALT) HALT 1 2 3 4 5,8 7
Working trot
Lengthening trot
Canter + 20m Circles
Medium walk
00:00
/ 02:36 Hyper Time

The time indicated is the route completion time, calculated based on the typical speed of each gait.
Includes halts (4″ each). Does not include transitions between gaits — the actual duration in competition is longer.